![]() ![]() This view holds true the idea that familiarity is an unconscious process whereas recollection is more conscious, thoughtful. This view suggests that the two processes of familiarity and recollection occur simultaneously, but that familiarity, being the faster process, completes the search before recollection. The "horse-race" model is a more recent view of dual process theories. Familiarity-based recognition refers to the feeling of familiarity with the current situation without being able to identify any specific memory or previous event that could be associated with the sensation. ![]() Recollection-based recognition refers to an ostensible realization that the current situation has occurred before. Two approaches are used by researchers to study feelings of previous experience, with the process of recollection and familiarity. When people experience déjà vu, they may have their recognition memory triggered by certain situations which they have never encountered. Recognition memory enables people to realize the event or activity that they are experiencing has happened before. Research has associated déjà vu experiences with good memory functions. The same WP source further hinted a major possible candidate explanation for this strange yet common memory-related cognitive experience, and it kind of shows your disjunctive hunches to characterize Deja vu all seem on the right track! Thus I only restrict to talk about and try to explain the second type here since about 2/3 of non-pathological healthy people may have experienced Deja vu at some point in their life encountering. Furthermore, people also tend to experience déjà vu more in fragile conditions or under high pressure, and research shows that the experience of déjà vu also decreases with age. People who travel often or frequently watch films are more likely to experience déjà vu than others. Two types of déjà vu are recognized: the pathological déjà vu usually associated with epilepsy or that which, when unusually prolonged or frequent, or associated with other symptoms such as hallucinations, may be an indicator of neurological or psychiatric illness, and the non-pathological type characteristic of healthy people, about two-thirds of whom have had déjà vu experiences. It is an anomaly of memory whereby, despite the strong sense of recollection, the time, place, and practical context of the "previous" experience are uncertain or believed to be impossible. First according to Wikipedia definition of Deja vu: ![]()
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